What Is A Herniated Disc?

A herniated disc is one of the most common causes of sciatica. In simple words, a herniated disc can be described as the rupturing of a spinal disc. When the spinal disc ruptures, it leads to compression of the surrounding spinal nerves. This leads to pain in the legs, back and lumbar region.

The spinal disc is a soft cushion that is placed between two vertebras. Ideally, this spinal vertebra is soft and elastic. However, it tends to become rigid as you age. When the spinal disc becomes more rigid and less elastic, it tends to rupture. It moves out of its normal position. This is known as herniated disc. The spinal disc that bulges out can pinch the spinal cord and the spinal nerves that results in pain.

Symptoms
* Electric shock pain- Since there is extra pressure being exerted on your nerves, it can lead to various abnormal sensations. These sensations cause pain similar to electric shocks. When the nerves are compressed in the cervical (region), the sensations pass through the arms. However, when the pains are compressed in the lumbar (region), the sensations pass through the legs.
* Numbness & tingling- Usually, these symptoms affect the same areas as are affected by electric shock pain.
* Bowel or bladder problems- You could have problems in urinating, bowel movement or even numbness around the genitals. If you notice this symptom, make sure that you call for your doctor immediately. Herniated disc can lead to cauda equine syndrome, which is an emergency condition and needs immediate medical attention.

Diagnosis
In most cases, a physical examination alone is sufficient to diagnose the presence of a herniated disc. The doctor would check for muscle strength, flexibility, sensation and reflex. In addition, a MRI scan and X-rays may also be conducted.

Treatment
The treatment for herniated disc usually depends upon the severity of the problem. While less serious cases may be treated with the help of rest alone, the severe cases may call for the need of surgery. Here are some treatment options for a herniated disc.

* Rest and change of physical activity- If your condition is not very serious, then rest alone can treat the problem. Your doctor may advise you to avoid strenuous physical activities in order to avoid the problem from aggravating further.
* Exercises- Simple exercises can aid in stabilizing of the lumbar spine muscles. This in turn reduces the load on the spinal disc and vertebra.
* Ice and heat therapy- Both work equally well in treating pain. While ice numbs the pain, heat therapy releases muscle tension and provides relief.
* NSAIDs- Non Steroidal Anti Inflammatory Medications can ease out the pain and various other symptoms accompanied with a herniated disc. However, make sure that you do not use too much of these as they can cause various side effects.
* Surgery- A surgery may be required in extreme cases.